Cost modeling is a research area that involves the development and analysis of mathematical models to estimate the cost of various processes or projects. These models are used to predict the expenses associated with manufacturing, construction, software development, and other activities. Cost modeling helps businesses and organizations understand the financial implications of their decisions and make informed choices to optimize resources and achieve their goals. Researchers in this field focus on creating accurate and reliable models that can be used to forecast costs under different scenarios and identify cost-saving opportunities.